Humans have suffered with eye disorders for centuries. It was with advances in medicine that corrective lenses were created so those with eye problems could see at as normal a level as possible. Even with the current technology available for corrective eye surgery, eyeglasses are sure to remain for a long time to come.
The eye is a complex unit which focuses light through several special parts to a specific point on the retina. This light image is interpreted and a picture is provided to the brain giving vision to the person. There are many refractive errors that can occur during this process.
Most vision problems are related to the shape of the eyeball. When the eyeball is properly formed all of the necessary parts are held in correct alignment to give the person good eyesight. If the eyeball is malformed or a part is not held perfectly in place, the light going to the retina will not land in the correct spot for interpretation. This means the light may fall short on the retina, it may be projected to far and land behind it, or there may be several issues which cause the image to be delivered in many spots on and around the retina. All of these scenarios result in poor vision.
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It is estimated that one quarter of the population has myopia, or nearsightedness. People who are nearsighted are unable to focus on objects that are far away from them, however anything that is close they have no difficulty with. That means reading a computer screen is not difficult, but to look down the block would become a blur. This condition is a result of the eyeball becoming elongated or the shape of a cornea is too steep and alters the light going toward the retina.
Hyperopia is the opposite of myopia. These individuals have farsightedness or difficulty seeing things that are close to them, such as reading a book. Objects in the distance are not a problem for these people. It occurs as a result from the eyeball being compacted or too short. The cornea may also be too flat and distorts the light going into the retina.
As we age it is natural to lose vision close up, this condition is referred to as presbyopia. This condition usually results from a weakening of the eye muscles and loss of lens function. Typically this condition starts to develop when an individual reaches their 40's.
Astigmatism is blurred vision caused by the creation of multiple focal points on the retina due to the irregular shape of the eyeball. In this case, the eyeball becomes football shaped. Astigmatism is unique in that it can develop with the conditions of myopia, hyperopia, and presbyopia complicating the visual problems. Astigmatism can be misdiagnosed as one of the other refractive disorders if it presents with the clinical symptoms of farsightedness or nearsightedness.
Eyeglasses are the treatment for these conditions. Medical advances now also offer eye surgeries. The staple and now a fashion accessory is eye wear.
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